Municipal Solid Waste Management
Disposal of biodegradable waste resource can be achieved by several means like incineration, landfills, dumping in the dumping yards, composting etc. These methods have their own hazards. Incineration can lead to respiratory illnesses. Moreover, it may lead to disruption of biogeochemical cycles of several elements and will have long term effects on the biosphere. Vermiculture has been used in recent past in urban areas, however, it has limitations of space. One of the economic ways would be to install community-based biogas plants for processing.

Bio-Gas Reactor
This plant can process biodegradable waste such as kitchen waste, paper, grass, gobar, agricultural wastes and dry leaves. It offers “Zero garbage and Zero effluent” and provides high-quality manure and methane gas. Weed-free manure obtained from such waste has high nitrogen contents and acts as an excellent soil conditioner. This plant can be set up for eco-friendly disposal of wet-waste generated in kitchens/canteens of big Hospitals/Hotels/Factories/Hostels/Residential complexes and can avoid health hazards. This technology of biphasic bio-methanation has a high potential of solving the solid waste management problems of the urban areas and provides organic manure and biogas as a fuel.

Bio-Gas Reactor Process
The waste resources which can be processed using Biogas Reactor plant include biodegradable kitchen waste, paper waste, green grass, leaf litter, animal remains in abattoirs, hospital waste, green plant waste, cattle dung, crop residues, sugarcane, bagasse, water hyacinth, etc.
The waste is first segregated carefully to remove non-biodegradable material and then homogenized to make a slurry. It is then processed in a sequential manner first by aerobic and then by the anaerobic process. The products of the process are biogas consisting of methane, carbon dioxide & water vapour and weed-free good quality manure. About 70% of Water can be recycled at the end of the process.

Advantages

Bio-Gas Reactor Plant would serve many purposes such as:-

1.   Environment-friendly disposal of wastes. 
2.   Generation of a fairly good amount of fuel biogas, which will definitely support the dwindling conventional energy resources. The gas can be used as fuel in the kitchen or for power generation, if properly segregated and compressed, it can be used as fuel in vehicles saving on accounts of imports.
3.  Generation of high-quality weed-free manure, which is an excellent soil conditioner. This is very important for replenishing organic carbon in the undernourished soil after years of agriculture.

Applications
Biogas plants are useful for Municipal Corporations, Hospitals, Hotels, Housing Societies, Govt. Establishments, Abattoirs, Nagar Palikas, Gram panchayats, Farmers etc. At present, around 450 such plants are functional in the country.
 

Extension of this Project is Bio-CNG Plant...